What are the Key Applications of Low Temperature in Nanotechnology?
1. Superconductivity: Low temperatures are essential for the study and application of superconducting materials at the nanoscale. These materials exhibit zero electrical resistance, making them ideal for efficient energy transmission and advanced computing technologies.
2. Quantum Computing: Low temperatures are crucial for the operation of quantum computers, as they help maintain the coherence of quantum bits (qubits). Refrigeration systems are used to cool these systems to near absolute zero.
3. Cryo-Electron Microscopy: This technique involves imaging biological molecules at cryogenic temperatures. Low temperatures help to preserve the native state of biological samples, providing high-resolution structural information.
