2. Self-Assembly: Molecules automatically organize themselves into structured patterns without human intervention. This method is often used for creating complex nanostructures.
3. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD): A technique that deposits thin films one atomic layer at a time, allowing for precise control of film thickness and composition.
4. Nanoprinting: Techniques like nanoimprint lithography (NIL) involve pressing a patterned stamp into a polymer to create nanoscale features.
5. Focused Ion Beam (FIB): Uses a focused beam of ions to etch or deposit materials with high precision.
