Despite the advanced techniques available, precise fabrication at the nanoscale faces several challenges:
1. Defects: Unwanted defects can occur during fabrication, affecting the performance of nanomaterials.
2. Scalability: While it is possible to fabricate small quantities of nanomaterials with high precision, scaling up the process for industrial applications remains challenging.
3. Cost: The equipment and materials needed for precise fabrication are often expensive, limiting widespread adoption.
4. Complexity: The fabrication processes are often complex and require specialized knowledge and skills.
