Several types of nanocarriers are utilized in transdermal systems:
Liposomes: These are spherical vesicles composed of lipid bilayers, which can encapsulate both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Nanoparticles: Solid colloidal particles that enhance drug stability and penetration. Nanoemulsions: They are thermodynamically stable mixtures of oil, water, and surfactants, which improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Nanomicelles: Self-assembled colloidal structures that can solubilize hydrophobic drugs within their core.
