Several methods are commonly used for thermal treatment in nanotechnology:
Annealing: This process involves heating materials to a specific temperature and then slowly cooling them. It is often used to enhance crystallinity and remove defects. Calcination: This method involves heating materials to high temperatures in the presence of air or oxygen, typically to drive off volatile substances or decompose organic materials. Sintering: This process involves compacting and forming solid materials by applying heat, without reaching the point of liquefaction. It is used to enhance the density and mechanical strength of nanomaterials. Rapid Thermal Processing (RTP): This technique involves quick heating and cooling, often used to activate dopants or repair damage in semiconductors.
