Several green synthesis methods have been developed, leveraging biological and plant-based resources:
Plant Extracts: Various parts of plants, such as leaves, stems, and roots, are used to synthesize nanoparticles. These extracts contain natural reducing agents and stabilizers. Microbial Synthesis: Bacteria, fungi, and algae can produce nanoparticles. Microorganisms act as bio-factories, offering a low-cost and eco-friendly synthesis route. Biomolecules: Proteins, enzymes, and other biomolecules can mediate the synthesis of nanoparticles, providing precise control over their size and morphology. Green Solvents: Using non-toxic, biodegradable solvents like water or ethanol instead of hazardous organic solvents.
