Despite their advantages, there are several challenges associated with nano membranes:
Cost: The advanced materials and fabrication techniques required can make nano membranes expensive. Scalability: While they can be produced at various scales, mass production while maintaining quality is still a challenge. Fouling: Nano membranes are susceptible to fouling, which can reduce their efficiency over time. Developing anti-fouling coatings and cleaning methods is an ongoing area of research.
