Despite their usefulness, several challenges exist: 1. Label Stability: Ensuring that labels remain stable and do not degrade under experimental conditions can be difficult. 2. Non-specific Binding: Preventing labels from binding non-specifically to unintended targets is crucial for accurate results. 3. Toxicity: Some labels, especially quantum dots, can be toxic to biological systems, necessitating careful consideration of their use in medical applications. 4. Interference: Labels can sometimes interfere with the natural behavior of nanomaterials, potentially skewing experimental results.
