polishing machines

What Are the Challenges in Polishing at the Nanoscale?

Polishing at the nanoscale presents several challenges:
- Precision: Achieving uniformity and defect-free surfaces.
- Material Removal Rate: Balancing the rate of material removal with surface quality.
- Contamination: Avoiding contamination from the polishing process.
- Tool Wear: Managing the wear of polishing pads and abrasive particles.

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