Despite its advantages, OD-FMR faces several challenges: 1. Signal Sensitivity: The optical signals produced by magnetic resonance are often weak, requiring highly sensitive detection systems. 2. Spatial Resolution: Achieving high spatial resolution is difficult, especially when probing extremely small nanostructures. 3. Complex Data Interpretation: The data generated from OD-FMR experiments can be complex and require sophisticated models for accurate interpretation. 4. Material Limitations: Not all materials exhibit strong magneto-optical effects, limiting the applicability of OD-FMR to certain types of nanostructures.