Despite their potential, NEMS face several challenges. Fabrication techniques at such small scales are complex and expensive. Issues related to reliability and durability are significant because nanoscale components are more prone to wear and failure. Additionally, integrating NEMS with existing electronic systems requires overcoming substantial technical hurdles. Another challenge is the control and manipulation of mechanical properties at the nanoscale, which can behave unpredictably compared to their macroscale counterparts.
