Despite their promise, nano photovoltaics face several challenges: 1. Stability: Some nanomaterials, such as perovskites, have issues with long-term stability under environmental conditions. 2. Scalability: Producing nano photovoltaic cells on a large scale while maintaining quality and efficiency can be difficult. 3. Toxicity: Certain nanomaterials, like cadmium in quantum dots, can be toxic and pose environmental and health risks.
