In coarse grained models, the degrees of freedom are reduced by grouping atoms or molecules into "beads" or "superatoms." These beads interact via effective potentials that are designed to capture the essential physics of the system. The choice of these effective potentials is crucial and is often derived from atomistic simulations or experimental data. The level of coarse graining can vary, from grouping just a few atoms together to representing entire molecules as single beads.
