Despite its potential, biofunctionalization faces several challenges:
Stability: Maintaining the stability of biofunctionalized nanomaterials in biological environments is crucial for their effectiveness. Biocompatibility: Ensuring that functionalized nanomaterials do not provoke an immune response or toxicity is essential for their safe use in biomedical applications. Scalability: Developing cost-effective and scalable methods for biofunctionalization is necessary for commercial applications. Reproducibility: Achieving consistent results in biofunctionalization processes is vital for regulatory approval and clinical use.
