Enhanced drug delivery: Nanoparticles can bypass biological barriers and deliver drugs directly to target sites. Improved bioavailability: Nanocarriers can enhance the solubility and stability of poorly soluble drugs. Reduced side effects: Targeted delivery minimizes exposure to healthy tissues, reducing adverse effects. Controlled release: Nanoparticles can be engineered for sustained and controlled drug release, improving therapeutic efficacy. Multifunctionality: Nanotherapeutics can combine diagnostic and therapeutic functions in a single platform, known as theranostics.