How Does Fracture at the Nanoscale Differ from the Macroscale?
Fracture at the nanoscale can differ significantly from the macroscale due to: 1. Size Effect: At the nanoscale, materials exhibit higher strength and toughness due to the reduction in size of defects. 2. Surface Effects: The high surface-to-volume ratio in nanomaterials means surface energy plays a more significant role in fracture behavior. 3. Atomic Interactions: Atomic-scale interactions and quantum effects can influence fracture mechanisms in nanomaterials.
