A variety of methods are employed in standardized testing protocols:
- Microscopy Techniques:Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are crucial for visualizing the size, shape, and structure of nanomaterials. - Spectroscopy: Techniques such as UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) are used to analyze the chemical composition and surface characteristics. - Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS): DLS is widely used for measuring the size distribution of nanoparticles in suspension. - Cytotoxicity Assays: Various assays, such as the MTT Assay and LDH Assay, are employed to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of nanomaterials on living cells.
