Nanoparticle-based catalysts are materials that utilize the unique properties of nanoparticles to enhance catalytic processes. By leveraging the high surface area-to-volume ratio of nanoparticles, these catalysts can achieve higher reactivity and selectivity compared to their bulk counterparts. Nanoparticles are typically in the range of 1-100 nanometers, making them ideal for applications in various fields, including chemistry, energy, and environmental science.