3D nanostructures are materials with three-dimensional shapes at the nanometer scale, typically ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. These structures can include nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and more complex assemblies like nanocages and nanocomposites. The unique properties of 3D nanostructures stem from their small size and high surface area, which can lead to enhanced physical, chemical, and biological properties.
