The size of QDs can be measured using various techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). TEM provides high-resolution images that can directly measure the size of individual QDs. DLS measures the hydrodynamic radius of QDs in a solution, while XRD can be used to determine the crystalline size by analyzing the diffraction pattern.