The choice of target material depends on several factors: - Application Requirements: The end-use application dictates the properties required of both the nanomaterial and the target material. - Chemical Compatibility: The target material must be chemically compatible with the nanomaterial to ensure a successful interaction. - Biocompatibility: In biomedical applications, it is crucial that the target material does not provoke an immune response or cause toxicity. - Accessibility: The target material should be accessible to the nanomaterial, whether it is within a human body, an electronic device, or an environmental setting.