The production of NFC involves several steps. Initially, the raw material, often wood pulp, undergoes mechanical processes such as high-pressure homogenization, grinding, or refining. The goal is to separate the cellulose fibers into nanoscale fibrils. Sometimes, chemical treatments like TEMPO-oxidation or enzymatic hydrolysis are used to facilitate the fibrillation process. These methods enhance the mechanical properties of the cellulose and improve its dispersibility in water.
