Several techniques are employed to ensure the biocompatibility of nanomaterials:
- In vitro Testing: Conducting cell culture studies to assess cytotoxicity, cell viability, and proliferation. - In vivo Testing: Using animal models to evaluate the biological response and biodistribution of nanomaterials. - Surface Characterization: Techniques like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to analyze surface chemistry. - Proteomics and Genomics: Studying the interaction of nanomaterials with proteins and genes to understand their biological impact.
