Nanoscale precision is achieved through various techniques and tools, including:
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM): Utilizes a mechanical probe to scan a surface at the atomic level, allowing for precise manipulation of individual atoms. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): Uses quantum tunneling to achieve atomic-scale imaging and manipulation. Electron Beam Lithography (EBL): Employs focused electron beams to create extremely fine patterns on materials. Self-Assembly: Exploits the natural tendency of molecules to organize themselves into well-defined structures.
