Various techniques are employed to control fluid flow at the nanoscale:
Microchannels and Nanochannels: These structures are used to guide the flow of fluids. The dimensions of these channels are designed to exploit unique nanoscale phenomena. Electrokinetic Methods: Techniques like electrophoresis and electroosmosis use electric fields to move fluids through nanochannels. Surface Modifications: Chemical or physical modifications to surfaces can alter fluid flow properties, such as wettability and surface tension. Nanopumps: These devices can actively transport fluids at the nanoscale, often powered by external stimuli like light, magnetic fields, or chemical reactions.
