Measuring electron density at the nanoscale requires advanced techniques:
Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM): STM provides high-resolution images of electron density on surfaces by measuring the tunneling current between a sharp tip and the sample surface. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): XPS helps determine the electron density by analyzing the binding energy of electrons in a material. Density Functional Theory (DFT): A computational method that uses quantum mechanics to calculate electron density distributions for complex nanostructures.
