Efficacy is measured through various parameters depending on the application. For example, in biomedical applications, efficacy might be assessed by the ability of nanoparticles to target and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy tissue. In contrast, for industrial applications, the focus might be on the increased strength or durability of materials. Common metrics include:
Target specificity in drug delivery systems Conversion efficiency in catalysts Mechanical strength in nanomaterials Energy storage capacity in nanobatteries
