The effectiveness of nZVI lies in its ability to donate electrons. When nZVI comes into contact with contaminants, it undergoes oxidation, transforming from zero valent iron (Fe0) to iron oxides or hydroxides (Fe2+ or Fe3+). This electron transfer process breaks down harmful pollutants into less harmful or benign substances. For example, nZVI can reduce toxic chlorinated compounds such as trichloroethylene (TCE) into non-toxic ethylene and chloride ions.
