Nanotechnology introduces materials and techniques at the nanoscale, typically between 1 to 100 nanometers. These materials have unique properties that can be leveraged to improve desalination. Here are some ways nanotechnology contributes:
Membrane Technology: Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide are used to create more efficient membranes for reverse osmosis. These nanomaterials have high surface area and permeability, enhancing water flow while effectively blocking salts and contaminants. Nanofiltration: This technique uses membranes with nanometer-sized pores to selectively filter out specific ions and molecules, making it highly effective for desalination. Nanofiltration membranes are capable of removing divalent ions (e.g., calcium, magnesium) while allowing monovalent ions (e.g., sodium, chloride) to pass through, which can be beneficial for certain applications. Advanced Materials: Nanotechnology enables the development of advanced materials like zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that can adsorb salts and other impurities. These materials have a high capacity for ion exchange and can be regenerated, making them sustainable options for desalination.
