Interdisciplinary integration typically involves the following steps:
1. Identification of Common Goals: Researchers from different disciplines identify shared objectives, such as improving the efficiency of solar cells or developing biocompatible nanomaterials. 2. Collaborative Research: Teams work together to conduct experiments, share data, and develop theories that incorporate knowledge from multiple fields. 3. Cross-Training: Scientists and engineers gain foundational knowledge in fields outside their primary expertise to facilitate effective communication and collaboration. 4. Resource Sharing: Utilizing shared facilities, such as nanofabrication labs and advanced microscopy centers, to conduct interdisciplinary research.