Energy relaxation in nanomaterials can occur through several mechanisms:
1. Phonon Emission: Excess energy is transferred to lattice vibrations, or phonons. 2. Electron-Phonon Coupling: Electrons transfer their energy to phonons, leading to thermalization. 3. Radiative Relaxation: Energy is released as photons (light). 4. Non-Radiative Relaxation: Energy is transferred to other electrons or defects in the material.
