Electrokinetic flow is primarily driven by the interaction between an electric field and the electrical double layer (EDL) formed at the interface between a charged surface and an electrolyte solution. When an electric field is applied, ions in the EDL move, dragging solvent molecules with them, resulting in fluid motion. This is known as electroosmotic flow (EOF). Another related phenomenon is electrophoresis, where charged particles move relative to a stationary fluid under the influence of an electric field.
