The process involves the use of chemical agents to weaken the bonds between layers of a bulk material. Common agents include acids, bases, and organic solvents. The choice of chemical depends on the material being exfoliated. The exfoliation process typically includes:
Intercalation: Chemical agents are introduced between the layers, increasing the distance between them. Agitation: Mechanical forces, such as stirring or ultrasonication, are applied to further separate the layers. Separation: The exfoliated layers are then collected and purified for use.
