2D LC operates by combining two distinct chromatographic separations. The first dimension typically utilizes a high-resolution chromatographic technique, such as HPLC, to separate components based on one property, like hydrophobicity. The separated fractions are then injected into a second column with different properties, such as ionic interactions, for further separation. This dual-stage process allows for a more comprehensive analysis of complex samples, making it particularly beneficial in the study of nanomaterials.
