Nanoparticles can be synthesized using various methods:
Top-Down Approach: This involves breaking down bulk materials into nanoparticles through methods like milling and lithography. Bottom-Up Approach: This method builds nanoparticles from atomic or molecular components using techniques such as chemical vapor deposition and sol-gel processes. Green Synthesis: Environmentally friendly methods using biological agents like plants and microorganisms for nanoparticle synthesis.
