- Microbatteries: These function similarly to conventional batteries but on a much smaller scale. They consist of electrodes and electrolytes that facilitate the flow of ions to generate electrical energy. Innovations in nanomaterials have improved their capacity and efficiency.
- Energy Harvesters: These devices use various mechanisms to capture and convert energy. For example, solar cells utilize photovoltaic materials to convert sunlight into electricity, while thermoelectric generators use temperature differences to generate power.
- Supercapacitors: Unlike batteries, supercapacitors store energy via electrostatic fields rather than chemical reactions. The incorporation of nanomaterials increases the surface area of the electrodes, enhancing their storage capacity.
