These nanogenerators work by exploiting the piezoelectric properties of certain materials. When a piezoelectric material is subjected to mechanical stress, it generates an electric charge. At the nanoscale, materials such as zinc oxide (ZnO), lead zirconate titanate (PZT), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are commonly used due to their high piezoelectric coefficients. The mechanical energy can come from various sources such as vibrations, body movements, or even sound waves.
