Nanoparticles can be engineered to recognize and bind to specific biomarkers present on the surface of cancer cells. This targeting is often achieved using ligandsâmolecules that can bind to specific proteins or receptors. For example, antibodies, peptides, or small molecules are attached to the surface of nanoparticles to allow them to hone in on cancer cells, facilitating the delivery of therapeutic agents directly to the tumor site.
