How Do Nanoparticles Penetrate Biological Membranes?
The penetration of nanoparticles into biological membranes is a complex process influenced by multiple factors, including size, shape, surface charge, and surface functionalization. Nanoparticles can utilize various mechanisms to cross cellular barriers, such as direct diffusion, endocytosis, and transcytosis. The ability to penetrate these barriers allows for targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
