How do Nanoparticles Exhibit Antibacterial Properties?
Nanoparticles exhibit antibacterial properties through several mechanisms:
Direct Contact: Nanoparticles can physically interact with bacterial cell walls, causing structural damage and cell death. Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS): Some nanoparticles catalyze the production of ROS, which are toxic to bacteria. Metal Ion Release: Metal-based nanoparticles, such as silver and copper, release ions that can penetrate bacterial cells and disrupt vital cellular processes. Biofilm Disruption: Nanoparticles can penetrate and disrupt bacterial biofilms, which are often resistant to conventional antibiotics.
