Nanoparticle-based sensors operate by utilizing the unique physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles. For instance, gold nanoparticles exhibit a phenomenon called Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), where their electron cloud resonates with light at specific wavelengths. When target molecules bind to these nanoparticles, the LSPR changes, causing a detectable shift in the optical properties. This change can be measured using spectroscopic techniques, providing a highly sensitive method for detecting various analytes.
