Nanomaterials can enter the environment through various pathways, including industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and consumer products. Once in the environment, these materials can be taken up by primary producers such as plants and algae. This sets the stage for their entry into the food chain. Primary consumers, such as herbivores, ingest these plants, and secondary consumers, such as predators, consume the herbivores, potentially leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification.
