Meta lenses operate by leveraging the principles of _nanophotonics_ and _plasmonics_. The nano-structures, often referred to as _meta-atoms_, interact with incoming light waves, altering their phase, amplitude, and polarization. This interaction allows the lens to focus light without the need for traditional curvature, making the devices much thinner and lighter. The exact design of the meta-atoms can be customized to achieve specific optical functions, such as focusing, imaging, or even cloaking.
