Lasers generate coherent light that can be focused to a very small spot size, providing high spatial resolution. This is essential in nanolithography and other nanomanufacturing processes, where patterns need to be created with extreme precision.
The basic working principle involves exciting electrons in a gain medium to a higher energy level, and then allowing them to drop back to a lower energy state while emitting photons. These photons are coherent and monochromatic, which means they have a single wavelength and phase.
