High vacuum pumps operate by various mechanisms depending on the type. For example:
- Turbo Molecular Pumps work by using rotor and stator blades arranged in a series. As the rotor spins at high speeds, gas molecules are directed downwards through the pump and out of the chamber. - Cryogenic Pumps use cold surfaces, often cooled by liquid helium or liquid nitrogen, to condense and capture gas molecules. - Ion Pumps generate a plasma that ionizes gas molecules. The ions are then accelerated towards a cathode, where they become embedded, effectively removing them from the vacuum chamber.
