Electrokinetic nanopumps operate based on principles such as electroosmosis and electrophoresis. In electroosmosis, an electric field applied across a channel induces a flow of the liquid, driven by the movement of ions in the electric double layer at the channel walls. Electrophoresis, on the other hand, involves the movement of charged particles within the fluid under the influence of an electric field. By harnessing these mechanisms, electrokinetic nanopumps can efficiently transport fluids and particles at the nanoscale.
