Physics: Provides fundamental insights into the behavior of materials at the nanoscale, including quantum effects and nanoscale interactions. Chemistry: Contributes to the synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials, understanding of chemical properties, and functionalization techniques. Biology: Offers knowledge on biological systems and processes, which can be integrated with nanotechnology for applications like drug delivery and biosensors. Engineering: Focuses on the design, development, and optimization of nanodevices and systems for practical applications. Medicine: Explores the use of nanotechnology for diagnostics, therapeutics, and regenerative medicine.