Several techniques and tools are available to assess signal integrity in nanotechnology:
Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR): This technique sends a signal through a transmission line and measures reflections to detect issues like impedance mismatches. Vector Network Analyzers (VNAs): VNAs measure the frequency response of a system, helping to identify signal integrity issues across a range of frequencies. Simulation Tools: Software tools like SPICE can simulate the behavior of nanoscale circuits, allowing engineers to identify and mitigate potential signal integrity issues before physical prototyping.
