Mitigating damage requires careful control of the experimental conditions. In TEM, using lower electron doses or cryo-temperatures can reduce beam-induced damage. Protective coatings or encapsulation can shield materials from mechanical stress and chemical reactions. Additionally, employing inert gas atmospheres during synthesis and storage can prevent oxidation and contamination. Advances in nanofabrication techniques also offer more precise control over the material properties, reducing the likelihood of defects.
