Unique identifiers can be implemented using various methods:
Chemical Tagging: Specific molecules or isotopes are attached to nanoparticles, allowing them to be tracked through spectroscopic methods. Barcoding: DNA or polymer barcodes can be integrated with nanomaterials, providing a unique sequence that can be decoded using sequencing technologies. Electronic Tags: RFID tags or other electronic labels can be used to track nanodevices, especially in biomedical applications. Physical Markers: Unique physical structures or patterns can be engineered onto the surface of nanomaterials, which can be identified via microscopy techniques.
